I'm sure most of the people (even Moslims) don't know why Islam allows the man to marry up to 4 women. Is that a must or optional. Who can do this? are all guys allowed or are there conditions? Will he ever be fair to all woman? After a nice research on the internet and asking here and there I came with this, hope it'll help you answer your question:
Polygamy can be of two types. One is polygyny where a man marries more than one woman, and the other is polyandry, where a woman marries more than one man. In Islam, limited polygyny (up till four wives) is permitted; whereas polyandry is completely prohibited.
Qur’an is the only religion on the face of the earth that allows men having up till four wives
Before the Qur’an was revealed, there was no upper limit for polygyny and many men had many wives, some even hundreds. Islam put an upper limit of four wives. Islam gives a man permission to marry two, three or four women, only on the condition that he deals justly with them. So, Islam came to control having an infinite number of wives, like it was during the Pre-Islamic era.
Hence, Islam does allow having more than one wife, yet it has set conditions for that, which is that the husband should be fair with all his wives, and treat them equally, which is very difficult.
If a man has more than one wife, he must treat them all in an equal manner, emotionally and financially. For example, he has to provide separate living accommodation for each of his wives.
"Marry women of your choice, two, or three, or four; but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one." Al-Qur’an (4:3)
Since it is very difficult to be just with all wives, in practice, most of the Muslim men do not have more than one wife.
Therefore polygyny is not a rule or an order but an exception.Reason for multiple wives in Islam:1) not to satisfy men’s desire and that's it, but for the welfare of the widows and the orphans of the wars. During war times, many women are unable to find husbands, and they might prefer to be a co-wife than no wife.
2) in case a man's wife is sterilized and can't give him the chance of being a father; here he has the right to marry another wife, and leaving the choice to her whether she wants to continue being his wife if he marries another woman or not. However men are prohibited from cheating on their wives, meaning a man can't marry another woman without the knowledge of his wife. He should tell her, for she might refuse such situation, and in this case it's totally her right if she asked for divorce.
3) if the wife is sick and this sickness hinders them from performing the physical interaction.
Some of the non-Muslims misunderstand polygyny and claim that it is one of the negative aspects of Islam, but in fact Islam sought to control and regulate the number of wives rather than give free license. And the permission given to men to have more than one wife is controlled with the conditions Allah has set before marrying another wife!!!expect more of these topics :-)